CITIZENS CLUB FOR GROWTH
"527" Political Organization
Contributions, Expenses, & Filing Information

Organization Info
Download all of the Contribution Records made to this 527 organization to a Spreadsheet or Other File Type
Group Name	CITIZENS CLUB FOR GROWTH
Stated Purpose	The Citizens Club for Growth is a nationwide political membership organization dedicated to advancing public policies that promote economic growth. The mission of the Citizens Club for Growth is to identify for our Members the political candidates running for elected office who believe in these ideals so they may help finance their elections, and to monitor the performance of those elected. The Citizens Club for Growth also helps finance strategic issue campaigns to advance our policy goals.
Email Address	no@email
Established Date	04/26/1999
Contact Person	Adam Rozansky
Contact Address	2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036
Mailing Address	2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036
Contributions Received (since 04/26/1999)	$13,362,158
Expenditures Made (since 04/26/1999)	$16,335,274
Download all of the Contribution Records made to this 527 organization to a Spreadsheet or Other File Type

CITIZENS CLUB FOR GROWTH
"527" Contribution List

Contributor	Empoyer/Occupation	$ Contribution Amount	Date
Rob Eisen Lakeville, MN 55044	Info Requested/Info Requested	$200	11/22/2005
Rob Mc Donald La Canada, CA 91012	n.a./Retired	$700	06/16/2005- 10/25/2006
Rob Roy Mc Donald La Canada, CA 91012	Caltech/Retired	$500	07/03/2006
Robb Chaplin Debary, FL 32713	self/real estate owner/investor	$350	02/25/2005- 06/02/2006
Robert A Bakken Laguna Beach, CA 92651	self/investor	$600	11/09/2005- 08/18/2006
Robert A Burton Austin, TX 78735	Self Employed/Retired	$475	11/21/2005- 11/01/2006
Robert A Levy Naples, FL 34108	Cato Institute/Sr. Fellow Constitutional Studies	$5,000	12/02/2005
Robert A Varley Cincinnati, OH 45247	n.a./Retired	$200	01/13/2006
Robert A Young New Canaan, CT 06840	n.a./President/CEO	$500	12/21/2005- 12/11/2006
Robert Abbott Bellevue, WA 98004	Abbott and Co./CPA	$200	06/27/2005
Robert Abrams New York, NY 10013	Abbeville Press, Inc./publisher	$600	05/13/2005- 06/16/2005
Robert Albach Richmond, VA 23235	n.a./retired	$550	08/09/2005- 05/31/2006
Robert Alldredge Denver, CO 80203	Metre General Inc./Engineer	$100	06/01/2006
Robert Anderson San Antonio, TX 78216	self/info requested	$1,000	07/10/2003- 05/20/2005
Robert Anderson Boulder, CO 80301	Info requested/Info requested	$250	09/03/2004
Robert Arnett Pauma Valley, CA 92061	Info requested/Info requested	$500	08/28/2004
Robert Arnott Pasadena, CA 91106	First Quadrant L.P./Managing Partner	$21,000	08/31/2004- 02/22/2005
Robert B Ferguson Lake Forest, CA 92630	Self employed/Oil/Gas Exploration and Production	$200	11/28/2005
Robert B Manheimer Lambertville, NJ 08530	retired	$5,000	02/10/2006
Robert Bagdasarian Fresno, CA 93711	Info requested/Info requested	$500	03/14/2005- 02/01/2006
Robert Bakken Laguna Beach, CA 92651	self/investor	$300	07/08/2005- 08/29/2005
Robert Banfield Kalamazoo, MI 49009	Fema Corporation/Executive	$100	08/05/2005
Robert Baur Pittsburgh, PA 15232	Retired	$375	08/01/2006- 09/20/2006
Robert Baylis Dallas, TX 75204	City Wide Mechanical Inc./Part Time Engineer	$100	12/27/2006
Robert Blackerby Daphne, AL 36526	info requested/info requested	$25,000	06/30/2003
Robert Blackerby Panama City, FL 32413	Magnum Capital/President	$11,995	02/06/2004
Robert Blatz Clearwater, FL 33761	Info requested/President and COO	$750	09/17/2004- 01/19/2006
Robert Boehlke Los Altos Hills, CA 94022	n.a/Retired	$500	04/19/2006
Robert Boguski Sausalito, CA 94965	Compserv, Inc./Partner	$75	11/23/2005
Robert Borne Prairie Du Chien, WI 53821	n.a/Retired	$500	08/03/2006
Robert Bradley Houston, TX 77002	Andrews and Kurth/Retired Attorney	$100	07/08/2005
Robert Bridges San Francisco, CA 94105	n.a./retired	$1,000	12/26/2003
Robert Briggs Vero Beach, FL 32963	Kennedy Properties/Real Estate Broker	$200	08/23/2004
Robert Bringer Hudson, WI 54016	retired	$400	03/10/2005- 01/23/2006
Robert Brooker El Segundo, CA 90245	NGST/engineer	$250	03/07/2005
Robert Bruce Boerne, TX 78006	self/self employed	$8,690	01/28/2004- 01/05/2007
Robert Bunn Corvallis, OR 97333	n.a./retired	$2,500	03/07/2005- 08/23/2006
Robert Burch Beverly Hills, CA 90210	None/Retired	$500	02/18/2005
Robert Buzzardi Ardmore, PA 19003	self/investor	$100,000	12/16/2003
Robert C Beaudry Seneca, SC 29672	NA/Retired	$200	05/30/2006
Robert C Harrison Stroudsburg, PA 18301	n.a./retired	$1,000	12/07/2005- 01/17/2006
Robert C Knowlton Henderson, NV 89052	n.a/Retired	$100	08/08/2006- 08/14/2006
Robert C Waggoner Livingston, NJ 07039	Burrelles Information Service/Chief Executive Officer	$1,000	05/26/2006
Robert C Waggoner Mountain Lakes, NJ 07046	Info Requested/Entrepenuer	$1,000	08/08/2006
Robert Calcagno Stockton, CA 95212	self/Real Estate Development	$3,250	08/23/2004- 08/04/2006
Robert Caldwell Naples, FL 34102	n.a./retired	$2,100	08/18/2003- 07/29/2005
Robert Carne San Diego, CA 92120	self/CPA	$250	12/23/2003
Robert Clark, JR Damascus, MD 20872	Self/Real Estate	$500	07/11/2006- 10/18/2006
Robert Clemons Deland, FL 32720	self/CPA	$250	02/28/2005
Robert Cosgrove Hilton Head Island, SC 29926	self/operate laundromat/courier business	$250	02/28/2005
Robert Crossman Fort Myers, FL 33908	n.a./retred	$1,700	09/02/2003- 08/05/2005
Robert Cummins Wayzata, MN 55391	Primera Technology/President	$4,000	11/28/2005
Robert D Burch, ESQ Beverly Hills, CA 90210	None/Retired	$1,000	01/17/2006
Robert D Ming Laguna Niguel, CA 92677	Jefferies and Co. Inc./Attorney	$400	03/20/2006
Robert Dau Kenilworth, IL 60043	n.a./retired	$150	08/04/2005
Robert Derby Stow, MA 01775	R H Products Co. Inc/part owner/officer	$300	10/07/2004
Robert Derrey Westfield, NJ 07090	n.a./Retired	$2,250	07/02/2004- 08/19/2005
Robert Despathy Franconia, NH 03580	retired	$100	08/22/2003
Robert Devereaux Sarasota, FL 34241	n.a./Retired	$600	04/20/2005- 02/02/2006
Robert Dinsmore Santa Monica, CA 90401	None/Retired	$800	11/13/2003- 01/19/2006
Robert Dorris Woodland, CA 95695	Self/Farmer/Rancher	$350	12/07/2005- 09/15/2006
Robert E Abrams New York, NY 10013	Abbeville Press, Inc./Publisher	$500	08/09/2006
Robert E Birkmeyer Chicago, IL 60614	Info Requested/Info Requested	$1,000	12/19/2006
Robert E Brigg Vero Beach, FL 32963	Retired	$500	12/14/2005
Robert E Carne San Diego, CA 92120	Self/CPA	$50	11/22/2005
Robert E Lea, JR Franklin, TN 37067	n.a/retired military	$100	07/12/2006
Robert E Martin Eastchester, NY 10709	n.a./Retired	$100	11/16/2005
Robert E Morris Riverside, CT 06878	OConnor, Davies, Munns, and Dobbins, LLP/CPA	$500	11/22/2005
Robert E Morris, Jr Riverside, CT 06878	OConnor, Davies, Munns, and Dobbins, LLP/CPA	$750	01/11/2006
Robert E Thomas Tulsa, OK 74159	Info Requested/Retired	$200	04/21/2006
Robert Elliott Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706	n.a./Retired	$1,500	04/16/2005
Robert Elliott Hastings on Hudson, NY 10706	n.a./retired	$1,000	12/26/2003
Robert F Derrey Westfield, NJ 07090	n.a./Retired	$3,100	12/09/2005- 08/08/2006
Robert F Kelly Bartlett, IL 60103	Heritage Bank/banking	$200	01/24/2006
Robert F Mitchell Norwich, VT 05055	Self/Money Management	$200	01/13/2006
Robert Fidler New York, NY 10021	n.a./Commodity Trader	$50	10/20/2006
Robert Fidler Redondo Beach, CA 90277	self-employed/Intl. Marketing Consultant	$725	05/21/2004- 01/12/2006
Robert Files Scottsdale, AZ 85262	retired	$350	03/03/2005
Robert Fisher Las Vegas, NV 89135	self/taxpayor	$100	09/29/2003
Robert Franke Jupiter, FL 33477	self/consultant	$100	05/13/2004- 07/06/2004
Robert Fulkerson San Antonio, TX 78217	self/oil, gas, real estate	$400	10/18/2004- 02/28/2005
Robert Fultyn Mary Esther, FL 32569	n.a./retired	$250	03/18/2004
Robert G Huckins Escondido, CA 92025	self/rancher	$200	01/19/2006
Robert G Mayhall Scottsdale, AZ 85259	WDP Partners, LLC/Real Estate	$1,250	12/02/2005- 08/24/2006
Robert Gannett Brattleboro, VT 05301	Self/Lawyer	$250	05/02/2005
Robert Garthwait Waterbury, CT 06721	ClyDel Manufacturing Co./Chairman	$1,000	02/22/2005- 04/18/2006
Robert Gersky Danville, CA 94506	n.a./Retired	$1,000	08/08/2005- 01/17/2006
Robert Ginnings Mc Lean, VA 22106	retired	$200	05/20/2005
Robert Girling Allentown, PA 18103	Info requested/retired	$5,000	10/07/2005- 05/01/2006
Robert Gordon Sewickley, PA 15143	Gordon Terminal Service, Co./Business	$1,000	09/03/2004- 04/29/2005
Robert Guzzardi Ardmore, PA 19003	Self/Investor	$3,435	01/22/2004- 08/11/2005
Robert H Crossman Fort Myers, FL 33908	n.a./Retired	$2,000	11/22/2005- 07/18/2006
Robert H Kroeze Eugene, OR 97404	n.a/Retired	$200	06/05/2006
Robert H Potts, JR Frisco, CO 80443	Vail Volley Emergency Physicians/Emergency Physician	$450	03/31/2006- 07/20/2006
Robert Haass Mahwah, NJ 07430	n.a./Retired	$475	04/25/2005- 01/12/2006
Robert Harrison Stroudsburg, PA 18301	n.a./retired	$750	11/07/2003- 05/04/2005
Robert Hassur Lexington, KY 40502	n.a./Retired	$400	05/05/2005- 01/13/2006
Robert Hawley Phoenix, AZ 85018	Info requested/Info requested	$250	07/16/2004
Robert Heers Fresno, CA 93727	n.a./Retired	$600	02/02/2006- 07/21/2006
Robert Heers Salt Lake Cty, UT 84124	n.a./Retired	$400	02/25/2005- 12/01/2005
Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

CITIZENS CLUB FOR GROWTH "527" Expenses

Vendor	$ Expense Amount	Purpose	Date
A Fare Extraordinaire 2035 Marshall Houston, TX 77098	$1,874	catering	06/20/2005
A Fare Extraordinaire 2035 Marshall Houston, TX 77098	$2,312	Catering for Dinner Event	07/09/2003
Abes Transportation PO Box 21039 Washington, DC 20009	$950	transportation	03/23/2005- 05/24/2005
Adam Limousine Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$371	transportation	03/16/2007
Adam Noah 4607 Chestnut St. Bethesda, MD 20814	$750	clecrical support	06/18/2004
Adam Noah 4607 Chestnut Street Bethesda, MD 20814	$750	clerical support	07/12/2004
Adam Rozansky 4515 Willard Ave. Chevy Chase, MD 20815	$197,798	salary	10/15/2004- 01/16/2007
Adam Rozansky 4515 Willard Ave. Chevy Chase, MD 20815	$820	travel reimbursement	03/14/2006- 12/21/2006
Adam Rozansky 4530 Connecticut Ave. Washington, DC 20008	$24	reimbursement for out of pocket expense	07/22/2003
Adam Rozansky 4530 Connectiuct Ave. Washington, DC 20008	$55	reimbursement for out of pocket expenses	11/19/2003
Adam Rozansky 4530 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC 20008	$56,526	salary	06/12/2003- 08/30/2004
Adam Rozansky 4530 Connecticut Ave. Washington, DC 20008	$3,996	salary.	09/15/2004- 09/30/2004
Adam Shapira 618 23rd Street S. Arlington, VA 22202	$360	computer support	01/11/2006- 01/19/2006
Adam Shapira 618 23rd Street S. Arlington, VA 22202	$270	technical support	12/07/2005
Adamo Limousine 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$584	travel	02/05/2005- 02/16/2005
Adamo Limousine Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$684	business travel	11/30/2006- 12/18/2006
Adamo Limousine Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$1,110	transportation	01/10/2006- 04/27/2006
Adamo Limousine Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$2,149	transportation costs	05/22/2006- 07/27/2006
Adamo Limousine Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allwntown, PA 18102	$371	transportation	01/12/2007
Adamo Limousine, Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$3,704	transportation	03/23/2005- 12/27/2005
Adamo Limousine, Ltd. 1520 Walnut St. Allentown, PA 18102	$158	transportation costs	07/13/2005
Advantage Inc. 1611 N. Kent St. Arlington, VA 22209	$6,440	telephone service	07/18/2006- 07/26/2006
aggregate below threshhold 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$95	aggregate below threshhold	09/30/2009- 04/30/2011
aggregate below threshhold 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$32	aggregate below threshold.	09/30/2011
aggregate below threshold 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$18,297	aggregate below threshold	01/31/2007- 11/30/2013
aggregate below threshold 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$283	aggregate below threshold.	11/30/2009- 08/20/2012
Aggregate Below Threshold 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$133	bank fees, registration fees.	04/30/2009
aggregate below threshold. 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$62	aggregate below threshold.	02/28/2010- 11/16/2010
aggregrate below threshold 2001 L St., NW, Ste. 675 Washington, DC 20036	$31	aggregrate below threshold	10/31/2009
AIMS Worldwide 10400 Eaton Place Fairfax, VA 22030	$490,520	print advertising	10/22/2004- 10/28/2004
Alfano Leonard LLC 1090 Vermont Avenue NW Washington, DC 20005	$6,832	graphic design, printing costs	04/05/2006
Alfano Leonard LLC 1090 Vermont Avenue NW Washington, DC 20005	$7,964	mailing services	01/30/2006
Alfano Leonard, LLC 660 Pennsylvania Ave., SE Washington, DC 20003	$3,071	graphic design, printing	03/24/2005
Alfano Leonard, LLC 1090 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005	$13,482	mailing services	12/15/2005
Alfano Leonard, LLC 1090 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20038	$6,134	graphic design, marketing	09/22/2006
American Express PO Box 297813 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33329	$140,975	credit card fees	10/28/2004- 01/31/2007
American Express PO Box 297813 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33329	$8,456	credit card fees.	09/27/2004
American Express PO Box 297813 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33329	$164	credit card transaction fees	12/02/2004- 02/02/2005
American Express PO Box 53852 Phoenix, AZ 85072	$39,865	credit card fees	12/08/2004- 11/01/2006
American Express po box 53852 Phoenix, AZ 85072	$6,350	credit card processing fees	04/04/2006- 09/10/2007
American Express PO Box 8220 Phoenix, AZ 85072	$18,868	credit card transaction fees	06/02/2003- 03/02/2006
American Express PO Box 53852 Phoenix, AZ 85072	$605	credit card transaction fees.	09/02/2004
American Mail 5740 South 77th St. Ralston, NE 68127	$8,564	mail services	05/07/2004
Americas Pac 8460 Travis St. Overland Park, KS 66212	$25,000	contribution	10/06/2004
Amsteram Carpet and Interior Design 1508 Taylor Ave. Fort Washington, MD 20744	$5,579	carpeting	09/22/2005
Andrew B. Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$476	travel reimbursement	05/09/2006
Andrew B. Roth 4313 Ramona Dr. Fairfax, VA 22030	$2,500	web page development	09/22/2003
Andrew Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$43	reimbursement for expenses	02/19/2004
Andrew Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$30	reimbursement for out of pocket expenses	11/19/2003
Andrew Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$7,864	salary	12/15/2003- 04/30/2004
Andrew Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$2,500	web page design	11/04/2003
Andrew Roth 4313 Ramona Dr. Fairfax, VA 22030	$2,515	retainer	08/25/2003
Andy Roth 4650 N. Wsahington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$148,278	salary	03/15/2004- 01/16/2007
Andy Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$2,046	salary.	09/15/2004- 09/30/2004
Andy Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$203	travel expenses	12/13/2005
Andy Roth 4650 N. Washington Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201	$2,991	travel reimbursement	02/22/2006- 12/22/2006
Anika Dickerson 6305 64th Ave. no.5 Riverdale, MD 20737	$606	clerical support	10/15/2004- 10/29/2004
Anthony R. Pandolfo 24 Herfort Rd. Wayne, NJ 07470	$1,379	clerical support	06/21/2005- 07/31/2006
Anthony R. Pandolfo 24 Herfort Rd. Wayne, NJ 07470	$192	salary	09/01/2006
Arrent Fox, LLC 1050 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC 20036	$47,553	legal fees	08/16/2005- 05/09/2006
AT and T Wireless Po Box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$189	telephone fees	08/24/2004
ATandT Po Box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$479	telephone fees	09/12/2005
ATandT PO Box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$312	telephone fees.	09/27/2004
ATandT Wireless Po Box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$381	telephon fees	12/08/2004
ATandT Wireless Po Box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$1,322	telephone fees	03/30/2004- 01/18/2005
ATT Wireles po box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$66	telephone fees	09/10/2003
ATT Wireless PO Box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$72	phone costs	12/10/2003
ATT Wireless po box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$132	telephone fee	07/16/2003- 08/13/2003
ATT Wireless po box 8220 Aurora, IL 60572	$1,007	telephone fees	06/12/2003- 02/19/2004
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$7,901	document duplication	12/22/2003- 01/17/2005
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$1,799	document duplication, printing	03/04/2004- 03/30/2004
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street NW LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$781	document reproduction	12/15/2004
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$872	document reproduction, printing	03/23/2005
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$31,638	printing, document duplication	02/16/2005- 12/14/2006
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$15,928	printing, duplication costs	08/01/2005- 08/17/2005
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$7,056	printing, duplication fees	08/24/2004
B and B Duplicators 818 18th Street, NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$4,749	printing, duplication fees.	09/27/2004
B and B Duplicators 818 18th St. Washington, DC 20006	$841	supplies/document duplication	07/01/2003- 07/22/2003
B and B Duplicators 818 18th St., NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$1,479	supplies/document reproduction	09/30/2003
B and B Duplicators, Inc. 818 18th St., NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$259	document duplication	10/29/2003
B and B Duplicators, Inc. 818 18th St. Washington, DC 20006	$3,901	printing costs	04/08/2004- 04/22/2004
Basswood Research 1111 19th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036	$357,503	polling	01/29/2004- 04/30/2007
Basswood Research 1111 19th Street NW Washington, DC 20036	$23,148	polling analysis	11/15/2004
Basswood Research 1111 19th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036	$27,289	polling and analysis	05/03/2005- 05/24/2005
Basswood Research 1111 19th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036	$68,359	polling, analysis	04/22/2004- 06/20/2005
Basswood Research 1111 19th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036	$42,950	polling, analysis.	09/27/2004
Basswood Research 1111 19th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036	$24,374	polling, research	10/04/2005
BB Duplicators 818 18th St., NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$263	document duplication	11/20/2003
BB Duplicators 818 18th St., LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$5,618	printing costs	01/07/2004- 01/21/2004
BB Duplicators 818 18th St., NW LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$2,221	printing services	08/13/2003
BB Duplicators 818 18TH ST., nw, ll15 Washington, DC 20006	$4,362	printing, duplication costs	06/12/2003
BB Duplicators 818 18th St., NW LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$1,949	printing,duplication costs	06/12/2003
BB Duplicators, Inc. 818 18th St., NW, LL15 Washington, DC 20006	$2,845	printing/document duplication	02/19/2004
Beiber Communications 3605 W. MacArthur Blvd. Santa Ana, CA 92704	$42,559	mail services	05/17/2006
Ben Cuddy 621 22nd St Washington, DC 20037	$1,518	salary	08/31/2006- 11/15/2006
Bisys 200 Dryden Rd. Dresher, PA 19025	$1,821	401k services.	03/19/2007
Bisys 200 Dryden Rd. Dresher, PA 19025	$300	accounting fees	11/06/2006
Bisys 200 Dryden Rd. Dresher, PA 19025	$295	accounting fees.	08/14/2007
Bisys 200 Dryden Rd. Dresher, PA 19025	$1,500	accounting services	02/27/2006
Bisys 200 Dryden Rd. Dresher, PA 19025	$1,500	employee benefits	03/23/2005
Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8