Republicans Donald Trump Democrats Congress
  See $$$ From Your Zip Code $10,618,476,973 in Contributions for 2020 Election
Home | Money Search | Top 25 Candidates | Election News | About
Data Updated on 7/11/2020

Canton, OH 44709
Political Campaign Contributions
2008 Election Cycle

Zip Code Totals

Download All Contribution Records
From this Zip Code for 2008
To a Spreadsheet or Other File Type
Election
Year
Total
Money
Money
To
Democrats
Money
To
Republicans
2020 $59,452 $5,751
(%10)
$28,663
(%48)
2018 $105,371 $27,833
(%26)
$49,543
(%47)
2016 $83,118 $1,804
(%2)
$30,888
(%37)
2014 $32,775 $1,830
(%6)
$26,230
(%80)
2012 $103,580 $30,570
(%30)
$66,710
(%64)
2010 $84,268 $50,188
(%60)
$30,680
(%36)
2008 $116,987 $51,758
(%44)
$57,275
(%49)
2006 $80,400 $36,150
(%45)
$21,050
(%26)
2004 $121,962 $23,000
(%19)
$32,025
(%26)
2002 $27,468 $0
(%0)
$750
(%3)
2000 $64,739 $5,750
(%9)
$13,600
(%21)

Download All Contribution Records From this Zip Code for 2008
To a Spreadsheet or Other File Type

2008 Election Cycle
Political Campaign Donor/Contributor List

NameEmployer/
Occupation
$ AmountDatePrimary/
General
Contibuted To
ANDERSON, JAMES L. MR. EVERHARD/MANAGER$250 09/16/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY 2008 - Republican
ANDERSON, JAMES L. MR. EVERHARD/MANAGER$250 07/28/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
ANDERSON, JAMES L. MR. EVERHARD/MANAGER$250 07/17/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
ANDERSON, JAMES L. MR. EVERHARD/MANAGER$500 06/05/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
ANDERSON, JAMES MR. SELF-EMPLOYED/BUSINESS OWNER$250 08/02/2007P RUDY GIULIANI PRESIDENTIAL COMMITTEE INC - Republican
Arnold, Nancy A Portage Electric Inc/Michie Operato$500 06/21/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Arnold-Roach, Janice none/none$200 02/27/2007P ACTBLUE
Arnold-Roach, Janice M $-2,300 03/24/2008P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Arnold-Roach, Janice M $2,300 03/20/2007G JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Arnold-Roach, Janice M $200 02/27/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Arnold-Roach, Janice M $2,100 01/17/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Ascani, Jean $250 10/03/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Boske, Laura Secured Montoring/Attorney$1,000 06/21/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Boske, Laura M. Self/law enforcement$500 06/13/2007P ZACK SPACE FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Democrat
BOTTI, JOHN D DOCTOR RETIRED$200 10/02/2007P NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE - Republican
BOTTI, JOHN D DOCTOR RETIRED$250 06/29/2007P NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE - Republican
BOTTI, JOHN D DR RETIRED/RETIRED$500 07/23/2008P NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE - Republican
BOTTI, JOHN D. DR. RETIRED/RETIRED$1,500 09/16/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY 2008 - Republican
BOTTI, JOHN D. DR. RETIRED$1,000 04/16/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
Centrone, Robert Day, Ketterer,Raley,Wright & R/Lawy$400 06/12/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Chirumbolo, Ava Marie Time Warner Cable/Sr Dir Human Reso$300 07/20/2007P TIME WARNER CABLE INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE
CLARKE, WILLIAM D RETIRED/RETIRED$300 10/22/2008G JEANNE SHAHEEN FOR SENATE - Democrat
Clarke, William D N/A/Retired$400 09/18/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
CLARKE, WILLIAM D RETIRED/RETIRED$250 04/09/2008P JEANNE SHAHEEN FOR SENATE - Democrat
Clarke, William D Retired$300 05/09/2007P DNC SERVICES CORPORATION/DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Democrat
Clarke, William D Mr. Not Employed/Retired$500 08/20/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Clarke, William D Mr. Not Employed/Retired$500 04/07/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Clarke, William D. N/A/Retired$250 04/09/2008G KILROY FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Clarke, William D. N/A/Retired$250 04/09/2008P KIRKPATRICK FOR ARIZONA - Democrat
Clarke, William D. Mr. Retired/Retired$300 09/17/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Clarke, William D. Mr. Retired$250 04/09/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Clarke, William D. Mr. Retired$250 04/09/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Clarke, William D. Mr. Retired$250 04/09/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Clarke, William D. Mr. Retired$250 04/09/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Clarke, William D. Mr. Retired$300 02/26/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Clarke, William Mr. $500 04/23/2007P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Dewitt, Homer C Msgr $204 10/27/2008P AMERICA'S FOUNDATION
Dougherty, Ronald Football Hall Of Fame/Executive$500 09/25/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Dougherty, Ronald Football Hall Of Fame/Executive$250 09/19/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Dougherty, Ronald W. Football Hall of Fame/Executive$500 12/28/2007P SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
DOUGHERTY, RONALD W. MR. SELF-EMPLOYED/ATTORNEY$1,900 08/26/2008P MCCAIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
DOUGHERTY, RONALD W. MR. SELF-EMPLOYED/ATTORNEY$200 08/14/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
Dreyer, Mark G. Dreyer Insurance/Executive$500 06/20/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Dreyer, Mark G. Dreyer Insurance/Executive$1,000 11/30/2007P SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Eoff, Craig M. Self/Attorney$5,000 12/04/2008P OHIO DEMOCRATIC PARTY - Democrat
Fenske, James B. The Knoch Corp/President & CEO$1,000 12/31/2007P ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE
Fisher, Herbert Retiree/Retiree$250 09/09/2008G OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert Retiree/Retiree$250 08/27/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert Retiree/Retiree$500 06/04/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert L Mr. Retired$500 02/19/2008P DNC SERVICES CORPORATION/DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert L Mr. Retired$500 03/20/2007P DNC SERVICES CORPORATION/DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert L. none/none$300 01/24/2008P BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert L. none/none$400 09/11/2007P BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
FISHER, HERBERT L. none/none$400 09/11/2007P ACTBLUE
Fisher, Herbert L. Esq. none/none$350 09/18/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert L. Esq. none/none$300 06/11/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Fisher, Herbert Mr. Retired/Retired$1,000 01/30/2008P EMILY'S LIST
Fisher, Herbert Mr. Retired$1,000 02/01/2007P EMILY'S LIST
Giavasis, Phil self/printer$500 08/09/2007P ZACK SPACE FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Democrat
Giustino, Michael $1,000 09/03/2008G BETTY SUTTON FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Haas, Alex Muggswigz Ltd/Executive$1,000 02/08/2007P LIBERTARIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Libertarian
Holwick, Dale M Jr. Retired/Retired$250 06/11/2007P SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Hoover, Lawrence R Retired/Retired$2,300 06/27/2007P SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Hoover, Lawrence R. Retired/Retired$1,000 07/29/2008P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Hoover, Lawrence R. Retired/Retired$2,300 06/19/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Hoover, Lawrence R. Retired$1,500 02/12/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
HOOVER, LAWRENCE R. MR. $2,500 09/24/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
HOOVER, NANCY W. MRS. $2,500 09/24/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
HUNTSMAN, DEANNA THE WILLIAM-ALLEN CO. INC./OFFICE M$500 08/30/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
Leidy, Ralph Leidy Engineering Sales, Inc./Sales$250 10/17/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Leidy, Ralph Leidy Engineering Sales, Inc./Sales$250 08/27/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
LEIDY, RALPH K. MR. LEIDY ENGINEERING SALES INC./SALESM$300 09/19/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY 2008 - Republican
Lottman, Martha Mlk Properties Inc/Owner$1,000 09/30/2008G OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
LOTZE, FRED R. MR. RETIRED/RETIRED$500 09/15/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY 2008 - Republican
LUPSOR, DARYL P. MR. $1,000 09/24/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
McGrew, Susan Not employed/Retired$200 05/21/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
MILLIGAN, JOHN JUDGE RETIRED/RETIRED$2,500 09/18/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
MILLIGAN, PHYLLIS A. MRS. RETIRED/RETIRED$500 10/29/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY 2008 - Republican
MILLIGAN, PHYLLIS A. MRS. RETIRED/RETIRED$2,500 09/18/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
NESBITT, TOM CITY OF CANTON/PUBLIC SAFETY DIRECT$250 10/24/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY 2008 - Republican
O' Brien, Robert Mr. Retired/Retired$600 09/15/2008P REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Republican
O' Brien, Robert Mr. Retired/Retired$275 02/20/2008P REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Republican
O' Brien, Robert Mr. Retired$250 03/13/2007P REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Republican
O'Brien, Robert S. retired/Retired$500 03/11/2008P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
O'Brien, Robert S. Retired$1,000 02/02/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
O'BRIEN, ROBERT S. MR. RETIRED$300 04/03/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
OAKS, PATRICK J. MR. WELTY BUILDING COMPANY/GENERAL MANA$2,500 09/24/2008P MCCAIN-PALIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
OBrien, Robert S. $250 06/16/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Okey, Eugene P. Okey Law Firm/attorney$250 08/28/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Okey, Eugene P. Okey Law Firm/attorney$250 12/15/2007P BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Peterson, Christine $500 09/02/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Pilz, James W. Retired/Retired$1,000 06/23/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Pilz, James W. Timken Company/Retired$1,000 02/08/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
RANEY, DENNIS MR. $2,300 12/12/2007P ROMNEY FOR PRESIDENT INC. - Republican
RANEY, REAH MRS. $2,300 12/12/2007P ROMNEY FOR PRESIDENT INC. - Republican
Reinbold, Richard D. Jr. Stark County Court of Common Pleas/$250 09/06/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
REVOLDT, DARYL L MR TECHNIGRAPHICS, INC/DIRECTOR$250 06/30/2007P VOINOVICH FOR SENATE COMMITTEE - Republican
RICE, BRYAN T THE TIMKEN COMPANY/EXECUTIVE$500 09/19/2007P VOINOVICH FOR SENATE COMMITTEE - Republican
Rice, Bryan T Rice's Nursery/Owner$500 06/25/2007P SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Rice, Bryan T. Rice's Nursery/Owner$1,000 06/20/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Rice, Bryan T. Rice's Nursery/President$1,000 12/21/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Rice, Bryan T. Rice's Nursery/President$500 10/05/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Rice, Bryan T. Rice's Nursery/President$500 08/02/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
RICE, BRYAN T. MR. RICE'S NURSEY/NURSEYMAN$2,300 07/30/2008P MCCAIN VICTORY OHIO - Republican
Rice, Christina $250 06/24/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
RICE, MAHLON E. RETIRED/N/A$200 11/30/2007P FRED THOMPSON POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Republican
Roach, Gregory None/Not Employed$250 03/27/2008P ACTBLUE
Roach, Gregory none/none$200 02/27/2007P ACTBLUE
Roach, Gregory A None/Not Employed$250 03/27/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Roach, Gregory A $-2,300 03/24/2008P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Roach, Gregory A Not employed/Retired$2,300 03/20/2007G JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Roach, Gregory A Not employed/Retired$200 02/27/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Roach, Gregory A Not employed/Retired$2,100 01/17/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Roach, Gregory A. none/Disabled$200 02/28/2008P ACTBLUE
Robertson, James T Self employed/Attorney$2,100 01/17/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Robertson, James T. Self/Attorney$250 03/28/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Robertson, Kim R&R CONSTRUCTION/Construction$2,100 01/17/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Roland, Robert E. Day Ketterer/Attorney$500 08/18/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Rosenberg, Leon H $200 02/13/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Rosenblatt, Arnold Mr Canton Ohi/MD$200 10/11/2008G OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Rosenblatt, Arnold Mr Canton Ohi/MD$250 07/24/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Schirack, Robert C City of Canton/Treasurer$1,000 06/18/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Schirack, Robert C City of Canton/Treasurer$1,000 09/23/2007P BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Schubach, John Retired$1,000 07/12/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Schubach, Linda M. Retired/Retired$1,000 07/29/2008P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Schulman, Allen Jr Allen Schulman & Associates/Attorne$1,500 01/09/2007P OHIO DEMOCRATIC PARTY - Democrat
Schulman, Christine J. Self/Homemaker$3,000 05/04/2007P OHIO DEMOCRATIC PARTY - Democrat
Schulman, Christine J. Ph.D. self/executive$2,300 02/11/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Schulman, Christine J. Ph.D. self/executive$2,300 02/11/2008P BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Singer, Donald None/Retired$300 09/06/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Slesnick, Stanley Slesnick Iron & Metal Co/President$250 09/07/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Slesnick, Stanley Slesnick Iron & Metal Co/President$300 08/23/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Smith, Clarence V. Dr. Retired$1,000 09/25/2007P REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Republican
Smith, Kevin Ppi Graphics/Executive$200 07/09/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Smith, Kevin M. PPI Graphics/Executive$1,000 04/14/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Smith, Linda $200 07/09/2008G SCHURING FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Republican
Sommer, Joseph Retired/Retired$250 06/13/2008G O'NEILL FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Sommer, Joseph J Retired -/Retired$1,000 02/23/2007P OHIO DEMOCRATIC PARTY - Democrat
Sommer, Joseph J Mr. Not Employed/Retired$250 07/31/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
Sommer, Joseph J. Retired/none$500 09/30/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Sommer, Joseph J. Retired/none$500 09/10/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Sommer, Joseph J. Retired/none$1,000 06/12/2008G BOCCIERI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Starr, Donald E Mr. Retired/Retired$208 09/02/2008P DNC SERVICES CORPORATION/DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE - Democrat
Starr, Patricia Not employed/Retired$250 05/23/2008P OBAMA FOR AMERICA - Democrat
STARR, PATRICIA A N/A/RETIRED$250 05/23/2008P FRIENDS OF SHERROD BROWN - Democrat
Starr, Patricia A Tod Children's Hospital/Registered$250 05/02/2007P WARNER FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
TOLIN, KATHARINE REA & ASSOCIATES INC./MARKETING DIR$250 06/28/2008P JOHN MCCAIN 2008 INC. - Republican
Tsangeos, A. James Lonas, McGonegal & Tsangeos/Attorne$200 03/18/2008G O'NEILL FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Tsangeos, A. James Lonas, McGonegal & Tsangeos/Attorne$250 01/31/2008P O'NEILL FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
Varavvas, Anthony John's Bar and Grill/Owner$500 08/09/2007P ZACK SPACE FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE - Democrat
Zimmerman, Brian L Self employed/Attorney$2,300 08/24/2007G JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Zimmerman, Brian L Self employed/Attorney$2,300 01/17/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Zimmerman, Brian L. Esq. Brian L. Zimmerman/Attorney$600 09/30/2008P AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAJ PAC) - Unknown
Zimmerman, Lindsay $-2,100 03/24/2008P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Zimmerman, Lindsey $400 08/24/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Zimmerman, Lindsey $2,100 08/24/2007G JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Zimmerman, Lindsey $1,900 01/17/2007P JOHN EDWARDS FOR PRESIDENT - Democrat
Zollinger, R. Clint Jr. Zollinger, D'Atri, Gruber, Thomas &$750 10/07/2008P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican
Zollinger, R. Clint Jr. Zollinger, D'Atri, Gruber, Thomas &$750 05/01/2007P STARK COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - Republican

Search

Contributors:
   Individual's Name
   Employer
   Occupation
   City
   County
   Zip Code
   State
Candidates:
   Name
   Party
   State
Committees (PACs):
   Name
   Category
"527" Organizations:
   Organizations
   Contributors by Name
   Contributors by Zip
Lobbyists:
   Name
   Client

Directories

   Top $$$ Contributors
   Contributions by Zip
   Candidates by State
   Committees (PACs)
   527 Organizations

Reports

Celebrity Contributors:
   Aaron Sorkin
   Andrew Fastow
   Arnold Palmer
   Arnold Schwarzenegger
   Ben Affleck
   Bill Cosby
   Bill Gates
   Calvin Klein
   Dennis Kozlowski
   Donald Trump
   George Soros
   Hugh Hefner
   Jack Grubman
   Jeff Skilling
   John Grisham
   John Rigas
   Ken Lay
   Martha Stewart
   Mel Gibson
   Oprah Winfrey
   Ralph Lauren
   Donald Trump
   Richard Scrushy
   Rush Limbaugh
   Sam Waksal
   Scott Sullivan
   Steven Spielberg
   Tom Cruise
   Tommy Hilfiger
Industry Contributors:
   CEO/Chief Executives
   College Professors
   Journalists/Reporters
   Trial Lawyers
   Golf Professionals
   Poker Professionals
   Mortgage Brokers
   Futures Brokers
   Stock Brokers
   Options Brokers
   Life Insurance
   Health Insurance
   Auto Insurance
   Securities Lawyers
   Boats & Yachts
   Defense Contracts
   Nonprofits
   Aircraft
Baseball Contributors:
   New York Yankees
   Boston Red Sox
   Chicago Cubs
Notable Politicians:
   Barack Obama
   George W Bush
   John Kerry
   Ralph Nader
   Hillary Clinton
Companies:
   Microsoft
   CNN
   Apple Computer
   New York Times
   News Corporation
   Nike
   Halliburton
   General Electric
   Exxon Mobil
   Ford Motor
   Anheuser Busch
Top 10 Contributors:
   Thomas Steyer
   Linda Mcmahon
   Sheldon Adelson
   Miriam Adelson
   Bob Perry
   Michael Bloomberg
   Harold Simmons
   Fred Eychaner
   J Ricketts
   John Raese