Republicans Donald Trump Democrats Congress
  See $$$ From Your Zip Code $10,618,476,973 in Contributions for 2020 Election
Home | Money Search | Top 25 Candidates | Election News | About
Data Updated on 7/11/2020

Lisa Bernstein
Political Campaign Contributions
2020 Election Cycle

Contribution Totals

Download all contribution records for this person
from 1999 to present
To a Spreadsheet or Other File Type
2020 Transaction Count/Amount 123/$17,815
2018 Transaction Count/Amount 57/$10,480
2016 Transaction Count/Amount 26/$80,812
2014 Transaction Count/Amount 0/$0
2012 Transaction Count/Amount 5/$8,000
2010 Transaction Count/Amount 0/$0
2008 Transaction Count/Amount 10/$9,650
2006 Transaction Count/Amount 2/$1,250
2004 Transaction Count/Amount 4/$3,456
2002 Transaction Count/Amount 3/$1,000
2000 Transaction Count/Amount 2/$2,000

Download all contribution records for this person
from 1999 to present
To a Spreadsheet or Other File Type

Lisa Bernstein Political Contributions in 2020

Name & LocationEmployer/OccupationDollar
Amount		DatePrimary/
General		Contibuted To
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$50 12/29/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$50 12/29/2019 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 12/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 12/26/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 12/22/2019 P THERESA GREENFIELD FOR IOWA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 12/22/2019 P JAIME HARRISON FOR US SENATE - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 12/22/2019 P HICKENLOOPER FOR COLORADO - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 12/22/2019 P AMY MCGRATH FOR SENATE, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 12/22/2019 P SARA GIDEON FOR MAINE - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 12/22/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 12/22/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 12/22/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 12/22/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 12/22/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$27 12/19/2019 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$27 12/19/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 12/12/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 12/12/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 12/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA RAY
ATHENS, GA
30606		Keller Williams Realty Greater/Keller Williams Realty Greater/Real Estate Broker$16 12/11/2019 P NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 12/09/2019 P MOVEON.ORG POLITICAL ACTION
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$50 11/30/2019 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$50 11/30/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 11/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 11/12/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 11/12/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 11/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 11/10/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 11/09/2019 P MOVEON.ORG POLITICAL ACTION
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 10/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 10/24/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$27 10/16/2019 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$27 10/16/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 10/12/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 10/12/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 10/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 10/09/2019 P MOVEON.ORG POLITICAL ACTION
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Content Strategist$100 09/30/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$27 09/29/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Content Strategist$100 09/27/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 09/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 09/27/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 09/27/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 09/27/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA RAY
ATHENS, GA
30606		Keller Williams Realty Greater/Keller Williams Realty Greater/Real Estate Broker$276 09/16/2019 P NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 09/12/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 09/12/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 09/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 09/09/2019 P MOVEON.ORG POLITICAL ACTION
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 09/08/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 09/08/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 09/07/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Content Strategist$100 09/07/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Content Strategist$103 09/07/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 08/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Content Strategist$100 08/20/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 08/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 08/20/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 08/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Content Strategist$100 08/13/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 08/13/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 08/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$50 08/03/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 07/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$35 07/23/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 07/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 07/20/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 07/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 06/28/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 06/28/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 06/28/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 06/28/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 06/28/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 06/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$25 06/26/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$25 06/26/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 06/20/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 06/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 06/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$250 05/30/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$250 05/30/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 05/27/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 05/20/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$6 05/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 05/13/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 05/13/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech, Inc/Genentech, Inc/Statistician$25 05/11/2019 P EMILY'S LIST
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 05/04/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 05/04/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 05/01/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$250 05/01/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$50 04/30/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$50 04/30/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$20 04/20/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$20 04/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 04/20/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 04/20/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/31/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/31/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/30/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/30/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$50 03/26/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$50 03/26/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/19/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/14/2019 P BETO FOR AMERICA - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Learnzillion/Learnzillion/Strategist$100 03/14/2019 ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Educator$250 01/01/1900 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrine/Doctrine/Co-Founder$5,000 01/01/1900 P FIELD TEAM 6
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$1,000 01/01/1900 P KHAZEI FOR CONGRESS - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$5 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Dept Of State/Us Dept Of State/Academic Exchange Specialist$25 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20016		Doctrina/Doctrina/Educator$100 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 01/01/1900 P ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
PALO ALTO, CA
94303		Genentech/Genentech/Statistician$10 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$42 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
ATLANTA, GA
30338		$318 01/01/1900 P GEORGIA FEDERAL ELECTIONS COMMITTEE - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$27 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$1,000 01/01/1900 P ACTBLUE
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$25 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 01/01/1900 P JAIME HARRISON FOR US SENATE - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20002		Us Department Of State/Us Department Of State/Program Officer$50 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
BERNSTEIN, LISA
WASHINGTON, DC
20007		Doctrina Education Consulting/Doctrina Education Consulting/Content Strategist$250 01/01/1900 P ACTBLUE

Search

Contributors:
   Individual's Name
   Employer
   Occupation
   City
   County
   Zip Code
   State
Candidates:
   Name
   Party
   State
Committees (PACs):
   Name
   Category
"527" Organizations:
   Organizations
   Contributors by Name
   Contributors by Zip
Lobbyists:
   Name
   Client

Directories

   Top $$$ Contributors
   Contributions by Zip
   Candidates by State
   Committees (PACs)
   527 Organizations

Reports

Celebrity Contributors:
   Aaron Sorkin
   Andrew Fastow
   Arnold Palmer
   Arnold Schwarzenegger
   Ben Affleck
   Bill Cosby
   Bill Gates
   Calvin Klein
   Dennis Kozlowski
   Donald Trump
   George Soros
   Hugh Hefner
   Jack Grubman
   Jeff Skilling
   John Grisham
   John Rigas
   Ken Lay
   Martha Stewart
   Mel Gibson
   Oprah Winfrey
   Ralph Lauren
   Donald Trump
   Richard Scrushy
   Rush Limbaugh
   Sam Waksal
   Scott Sullivan
   Steven Spielberg
   Tom Cruise
   Tommy Hilfiger
Industry Contributors:
   CEO/Chief Executives
   College Professors
   Journalists/Reporters
   Trial Lawyers
   Golf Professionals
   Poker Professionals
   Mortgage Brokers
   Futures Brokers
   Stock Brokers
   Options Brokers
   Life Insurance
   Health Insurance
   Auto Insurance
   Securities Lawyers
   Boats & Yachts
   Defense Contracts
   Nonprofits
   Aircraft
Baseball Contributors:
   New York Yankees
   Boston Red Sox
   Chicago Cubs
Notable Politicians:
   Barack Obama
   George W Bush
   John Kerry
   Ralph Nader
   Hillary Clinton
Companies:
   Microsoft
   CNN
   Apple Computer
   New York Times
   News Corporation
   Nike
   Halliburton
   General Electric
   Exxon Mobil
   Ford Motor
   Anheuser Busch
Top 10 Contributors:
   Thomas Steyer
   Linda Mcmahon
   Sheldon Adelson
   Miriam Adelson
   Bob Perry
   Michael Bloomberg
   Harold Simmons
   Fred Eychaner
   J Ricketts
   John Raese




Copyright © 2024 CampaignMoney.com All rights reserved.  disclaimer